The trademark certificate is issued once the registration process is fully completed: the application has passed examination, cleared the opposition period, and been formally entered into the trademark registry. The exact timing varies by jurisdiction.
In fast jurisdictions such as the EU (around 4 months) and UK (around 4–5 months), the certificate follows registration fairly quickly after the opposition period closes. In slower jurisdictions such as Canada (20–25 months) or the US (12–14 months for an unchallenged application), it takes considerably longer. Electronic certificates are typically issued within days of formal registration being confirmed.