The USPTO does not proactively notify existing trademark holders when a similar new application is filed. Instead, the examiner issues an office action to the applicant, citing the existing mark as a potential conflict and giving the applicant the opportunity to respond. The existing mark's owner is not contacted by the examiner.
The existing mark's owner may become aware of the new application during the publication period, when all examined applications are published in the Official Gazette. This is the 30-day window during which third parties, including existing mark holders, can file an opposition. The responsibility for identifying and opposing conflicting applications rests with the trademark owner, not with the USPTO.